How does pre-pregnancy body mass and time between pregnancies affect preeclampsia risk?
The additive effect of interpregnancy interval and maternal body mass index on pregnancy- induced hypertension in the U.S.
Both pre-pregnancy body mass index (‘BMI’, a calculation using height and weight) and time between pregnancies (‘interpregnancy interval’) have been shown in studies to be linked to pregnancy-induced hypertension, including preeclampsia. For this study, researchers were able to use a large dataset from the Vital Statistics Natality Data of over one million births in the United States to ask: how do a pregnant woman’s BMI and interpregnancy interval combine to increase or decrease a woman’s risk for pregnancy-induced hypertension?
The researchers found that both higher BMI and longer interpregnancy interval were linked to an increased chance for pregnancy-induced hypertension. The group with the largest increased risk (a 4-fold increase) were women with obesity (defined as a BMI over 30) and a long time between pregnancies. This research supports previous studies showing that these two risk factors can each independently increase a woman’s chance for preeclampsia. This study is important because a woman’s body mass index and timing between pregnancies are “modifiable” risk factors - meaning women could change their weight or their pregnancy spacing to lower future risk of preeclampsia. While women cannot change their genetics or their pregnancy history, factors such as these can be discussed with their doctors and might offer strategies to lower future preeclampsia risk.
LINK: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34052607/
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